评述：“怎么判断人多聪明”是一个公众性的问题。本文的研究提供一个可能的方
式，用特殊任务中的大脑活动模式与智力测验的结果相关。其实，更合理的研究应
该包含常态和一定任务下大脑活动的模式来衡量个体的智力。EEG,与fMRI（BOLD/A
SL PERFSUION）结合很适合于这类研究，通过大量的实验来探索什么样的大脑功能
活动参数能够预测人在一定智力测验中的表现和结果。研究结果可能有较大的应用
和市场价值，但首先需要大量的资金资助相关的基础研究。

《自然神经科学》杂志发表了美国哈佛大学和华盛顿大学专家小组的研究报告
，披露了一个新发现：人类大脑皮层、尤其是前额区域中控制注意力的神经组织就
像是大脑中的“亮点”，它们的不同导致人类聪明程度的不同；“亮点”的活跃程
度一方面来自于基因遗传，另一方面也与食物和教育有关。

　　专家们的新发现基于一项智力测验，有48名志愿者参加了这项有关推理能力和
解决问题能力的智力测试。当志愿者们绞尽脑汁回答问题的时候，研究人员通过仪
器对其大脑进行扫描，就此揭开了人类聪明的秘密。如果人类大脑皮层、尤其是前
额区域神经组织中的细胞活动积极频繁，那么此人的测试结果就远远高于他人。

原文及摘要:

Gray JR, Chabris CF, Braver TS. Neural mechanisms of general fluid inte
lligence. Nat Neurosci. 2003 Mar;6(3):316-22.

We used an individual-differences approach to test whether general fluid
intelligence (gF) is mediated by brain regions that support attentional
(executive) control, including subregions of the prefrontal cortex. For
ty-eight participants first completed a standard measure of gF (Raven's
Advanced Progressive Matrices). They then performed verbal and nonverbal
versions of a challenging working-memory task (three-back) while their
brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI). Trials within the three-back task varied greatly in the demand f
or attentional control because of differences in trial-to-trial interfer
ence. On high-interference trials specifically, participants with higher
gF were more accurate and had greater event-related neural activity in
several brain regions. Multiple regression analyses indicated that later
al prefrontal and parietal regions may mediate the relation between abil
ity (gF) and performance (accuracy despite interference), providing cons
traints on the neural mechanisms that support gF.